{"id":679,"date":"2016-08-12T13:32:42","date_gmt":"2016-08-12T13:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.radio-science.eu\/?page_id=679"},"modified":"2023-11-10T15:22:53","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T15:22:53","slug":"radio-science-experiment-vera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/","title":{"rendered":"Radio Science Experiment VeRa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VeRa &#8211; Venus Express Radio Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"vex02\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The direct radio contact between spacecraft and the ground station on Earth is used for the radio sounding of neutral and media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The scientific aims of the Venus Radio Science Experiment (VeRa) are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(1) <\/strong>Radio sounding of Venus\u2019 ionosphere,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex03.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex03-300x235.jpg\" alt=\"Okkultations-Experiment\" title=\"vex03\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>from ~ 80 km altitude to the ionopause (300 km to 600 km altitude depending of the state of the solar wind), in dependence of planetary latitude and solar wind to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>deduce vertical profiles of the electron density,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>determine the height of the ionopause,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>study the interaction of the solar wind with Venus' ionosphere as a function of local time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> Radio sounding of the neutral atmosphere  from the cloud cover (35 \u2013 40 km) up to 100 km altitude to deduce vertical profiles of the neutral mass density, the temperature and the pressure in dependence of the planetary latitude and the season as functions of local time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex04.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex04-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"Bistatic-Radar-Experimen\" title=\"vex04\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(3) <\/strong>Measurements of the electric features,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>roughness and chemical composition of Venus\u2019 surface using the reflection of radio waves on the surface (bistatic radar experiment),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> Studies of the coronal structure and the solar wind turbulence during the upper and the lower conjunction of Venus around the Sun. For terrestrial planets one distinguishes between upper and lower conjunction, i.e. the planet resides on a line: planet-Sun-Earth (upper conjunction) or Sun-planet-Earth (lower conjunction).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VeRa uses the radio carrier signal of the spacecraft in the X-band (8.4 GHz) and in the  S-band (2.3 GHz) which are transferred simultaneously by the high gain antenna (HGA).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VeRa &#8211; Venus Express Radio Science Die direkte Funkverbindung zwischen dem Raumfahrzeug und der Bodenstation auf der Erde wird f\u00fcr die Radiosondierung von neutralen und ionisierten Medien verwendet. Die wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Venus Radio Science Experimentes (VeRa) sind: (1) Radiosondierung der Venus-Ionosph\u00e4re, von ~ 80 Kilometer H\u00f6he bis zur Ionopause (300 Kilometer bis 600 Kilometer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":98,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-679","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Radio Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-10T15:22:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/\",\"name\":\"Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/11\\\/vex02.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-08-12T13:32:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-10T15:22:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/11\\\/vex02.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/11\\\/vex02.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/radio-science-experiment-vera\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Missionen und Ziele\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Venus Express\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/missionen-und-ziele\\\/venus-express\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Radio Science Experiment VeRa\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/\",\"name\":\"Radio Science\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Rheinisches Institut f\u00fcr Umweltforschung Abteilung Planetenforschung\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/favicon_radio-science.eu_.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/favicon_radio-science.eu_.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Rheinisches Institut f\u00fcr Umweltforschung Abteilung Planetenforschung\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fip-koeln.de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science","description":"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science","og_description":"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.","og_url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/","og_site_name":"Radio Science","article_modified_time":"2023-11-10T15:22:53+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/","url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/","name":"Radio Science Experiment VeRa - Radio Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg","datePublished":"2016-08-12T13:32:42+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-10T15:22:53+00:00","description":"Das Radio Science Experiment VeRa liefert durch Venus Express neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse \u00fcber die Atmosph\u00e4re der Venus.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/vex02.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/radio-science-experiment-vera\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Missionen und Ziele","item":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Venus Express","item":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/missionen-und-ziele\/venus-express\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Radio Science Experiment VeRa"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/","name":"Radio Science","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#organization","name":"Rheinisches Institut f\u00fcr Umweltforschung Abteilung Planetenforschung","url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/favicon_radio-science.eu_.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/favicon_radio-science.eu_.jpg","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Rheinisches Institut f\u00fcr Umweltforschung Abteilung Planetenforschung"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Admin","author_link":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"VeRa &#8211; Venus Express Radio Science Die direkte Funkverbindung zwischen dem Raumfahrzeug und der Bodenstation auf der Erde wird f\u00fcr die Radiosondierung von neutralen und ionisierten Medien verwendet. Die wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Venus Radio Science Experimentes (VeRa) sind: (1) Radiosondierung der Venus-Ionosph\u00e4re, von ~ 80 Kilometer H\u00f6he bis zur Ionopause (300 Kilometer bis 600 Kilometer&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=679"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1957,"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/679\/revisions\/1957"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}