{"id":90,"date":"2012-11-06T09:37:25","date_gmt":"2012-11-06T09:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.radio-science.eu\/?page_id=90"},"modified":"2023-11-10T14:09:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T14:09:45","slug":"rosetta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/en_us\/missionen-und-ziele\/rosetta\/","title":{"rendered":"Rosetta"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosetta<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"270\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta01.jpg\" alt=\"Rosetta's Earth-Flyby Quelle: ESA\" class=\"wp-image-94\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rosetta&#8217;s Earth-Flyby<br>Source: ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosetta is the first mission which will escort a comet from almost aphelion to perhelion and beyond. The ESA spacecraft was launched on 2nd May 2004 by a Ariane-V rocket for a ten year circuit until arrival at 67P\/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. Rosetta used several flybys at Earth and Mars to gain momentum.<br>Am 2. M\u00e4rz 2004 startete die ESA-Raumsonde ihre zehnj\u00e4hrige Reise zum Kometen Churyumov-Gerasimenko mit einer Ariane-5 Rakete von Kourou, Franz\u00f6sisch-Guayana. Bis zu ihrer Ankunft im Jahr 2014 wird Rosetta mehrere Vorbeifl\u00fcge an Erde und Mars nutzen (sog. &#8222;swing-bys&#8220;), um gen\u00fcgend Schwung zum Erreichen des Kometen zu holen. Es besteht das Ziel, den Kometen Churyumov-Gerasimenko ganz aus der N\u00e4he zu studieren, ihn f\u00fcr viele Monate zu umkreisen und schlie\u00dflich mit einem Lander auf der Kometenoberfl\u00e4che zu landen. Da sich der Komet w\u00e4hrend dieser Zeit immer n\u00e4her auf die Sonne zubewegt, wird es somit erstmalig m\u00f6glich sein, die Ver\u00e4nderungen des Kometen bei seiner Reise \u00fcber mehrere Millionen Kilometer durch das All zu untersuchen. Dar\u00fcber hinaus wird Rosetta auf ihrem Weg in das \u00e4u\u00dfere Sonnensystem zwei Asteroiden, Steins und Lutetia, mit Hilfe von nahen Vorbeifl\u00fcgen wissenschaftlich untersuchen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why fly to a comet?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Entstehung des Sonnensystems ist in vielerlei Hinsicht ungekl\u00e4rt. Daher werden die Urspr\u00fcnge von Kometen und die Beziehung zwischen Kometen und interstellarer Materie erforscht, was wiederum R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Entstehung des Sonnensystems zul\u00e4sst. Da Kometenkerne nur wenige Kilometer gro\u00df sind und im Wesentlichen aus Eis und Staub bestehen, werden sie h\u00e4ufig als &#8222;schmutzige Schneeb\u00e4lle&#8220; bezeichnet.<br>The origin of the long periodic comets is the so called Oort cloud, which is arranged spherical in a distance of approx one light year around the sun. The short periodic comets (which orbit faster and with shorter periods around the sun) presumably originate from the Kuiper belt, which is a flat and discoidal region beyond Pluto. There they reside to some extend in a manner of cosmic freezer due to the large distance to the sun and hence consist of the primary material from which our Solar System developed some 4,6 billion years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Diameter of nucleus - estimated (km)<\/td><td>3 x 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rotation period (hours)<\/td><td>~ 12,7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbital period (years)<\/td><td>6,45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Perihelion distance from Sun (million km)<\/td><td>186.0 (1.243 AU*)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arphelion distance from Sun (million km)<\/td><td>849.7 (5.68 AU*)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbital eccentricity<\/td><td>0,64<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbital inclination (degrees)<\/td><td>7,04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Year of discovery<\/td><td>1969<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Discoverers<\/td><td>Klim Churyumov &amp;<br>Svetlana Gerasimenko<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>*AU = astronomical unit (mean distance between Earth and Sun, approx. 150 million km)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steins and Lutetia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After the successful launching of Rosetta the decision of the flybys past the asteroids Steins and Lutetia was finally fixed on the 11th of March 2004. The asteroids reside in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The visit of an asteroid or more is part of the scientific aims of the mission since its beginning.<br>Asteroids are primitive bricks of the Solar System from the time when it formed some 4,6 billion years ago. They vary in size (some to 100 km) and composition and until now only a few could be investigated at close range.<br>Die f\u00fcr Rosetta ausgew\u00e4hlten Zielasteroiden Steins und Lutetia haben recht unterschiedliche Eigenschaften. Steins, mit einem Durchmesser von nur wenigen Kilometern ein vergleichsweise kleines Objekt, soll von Rosetta am 5. September 2008 aus etwa 1700 km Entfernung beobachtet werden. Diese &#8222;Begegnung&#8220; wird bei der relativ geringen Geschwindigkeit von etwa 9 km\/s w\u00e4hrend Rosettas ersten Ausflugs in den Asteroideng\u00fcrtel stattfinden.<br>Der zweite Asteroid, Lutetia, ist weitaus gr\u00f6\u00dfer: Er hat einen Durchmesser von rund 100 km. Ihn wird Rosetta am 10. Juli 2010 w\u00e4hrend ihres zweiten Flugs durch den Asteroideng\u00fcrtel mit einer Vorbeifluggeschwindigkeit von 15 km\/s aus rund 3000 km Entfernung beobachten.<br>Die Sonde d\u00fcrfte bei ihren Vorbeifl\u00fcgen an diesen Urzeit-Felsen spektakul\u00e4re Bilder aufnehmen. Ihre Bordinstrumente werden Aufschluss \u00fcber Masse und Dichte der beiden Asteroiden geben und uns somit mehr \u00fcber ihre Zusammensetzung verraten. Rosetta soll au\u00dferdem die Temperatur unter ihrer Oberfl\u00e4che messen und nach Gas und Staub in ihrer Umgebung Ausschau halten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Scientific aims of the <em>Radio Science Investigations Experiment (RSI)<\/em> at the comet Churyumov \u2013 Gerasimenko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&#8218;Schwerefeldmessungen an einem Kometen&#8216;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Determination of mass and mean density<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moments of inertia of the comet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precise determination of the comets orbit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&#8218;Untersuchung der Kometenkoma&#8216;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electron content<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gas and dust production rates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amount of dust with grain size cm \u2013 dm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mass flow to the spacecraft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&#8218;Untersuchung des Kometenkerns (bistatic radar)&#8216;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Size and shape<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Structure and roughness of the surface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rotation, precession and nutation rates of the comet nucleus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosetta \u2013 Data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Mission<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Launch<\/td><td>2nd March 2004, 08:17 am MEZ<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Launch site<\/td><td>Kourou, French Guayana<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Launcher rocket<\/td><td>ARIANE 5 G<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Duration of the mission<\/td><td>In total 12 years, until December 2015<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mission Control Center<\/td><td>European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Darmstadt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Philae Lander Control Center<\/td><td>DLR MUSC, Cologne<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ground stations<\/td><td>Perth (Australia), Kourou (French Guayana)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Start weight<\/td><td>3,000 kg<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fuel<\/td><td>1,670 kg<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Scientific payload<\/td><td>165 kg<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Orbiter<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dimensions orbiter<\/td><td>2.8 m x 2.1 m x 2.0 m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dimensions solar cell<\/td><td>2 pieces, each with 14 m length, with a total plain of 64 sqm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy supply \/ Energy production of the solar cells<\/td><td>850 W at 3,4 AU*, 395 W at 5,25 AU*<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Communication antenna<\/td><td>High gain antenna, 2,2 m diameter, rotatable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">*AU = astronomical unit (mean distance between Earth and Sun, approx. 150 million km)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Philae-Lander<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Weight<\/td><td>100 kg<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data transfer<\/td><td>16 kilobytes per second via orbiter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy supply<\/td><td>Solar generator, 4 W, primary (for the first 60 hours after landing on the comet) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Time schedule<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Launch<\/td><td>March 2004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1st Earth flyby<\/td><td>March 2005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mars flyby<\/td><td>March 2007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2nd Earth flyby<\/td><td>November 2007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3rd Earth flyby<\/td><td>November 2009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rendezvous maneuver<\/td><td>May 2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global mapping of the comet<\/td><td>August 2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landing on the comet<\/td><td>November 2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit flight<\/td><td>August 2015<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>End of the mission<\/td><td>December 2015<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Meeting with the comet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Aufnahme der Rosetta-Kamera w\u00e4hrend des ersten 'swing-by-Man\u00f6vers' von Erde und Mond Quelle: ESA\" class=\"wp-image-95\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02-332x332.jpg 332w, https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02-268x268.jpg 268w, https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta02.jpg 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aufnahme der Rosetta-Kamera w\u00e4hrend des ersten &#8217;swing-by-Man\u00f6vers&#8216; von Erde und Mond<br>Source: ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The most difficult phase will be the meeting with the fast moving comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko. In May 2014 Rosetta should reach an orbit around the planet. Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a short periodic comet which recurs every 6,57 years. It was discovered in 1969 by Klim Churyumov (University of Kiev, Ukraine) and Svetlana Gerasimenko (Insitute of Astophysics Dushanbe, Tajikistan). Two approaches to Jupiter in 1840 and 1959 changed the comets orbit from initially 4,0 AU perihelion distance to 1,28 AU. It belongs to comets of the so called Jupiter family (with the aphelion, i.e. the most distant point, at the Jupiter orbit) which is a group of short periodic comets in the Solar System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosetta wird Churyumov-Gerasimenko auf seiner Bahn folgen und im Jahre 2014 treffen. Das Rendezvous soll in einer Entfernung vom 4,8 AE von der Sonne entfernt stattfinden und im Mai 2014 wird Rosetta sich in einen Orbit um den Kometen begeben und ihn f\u00fcr 17 Monate begleiten. Da von Churyumov-Gerasimenko nur sehr wenig bekannt ist, und weder gesicherte Erkenntnisse \u00fcber seine Gr\u00f6\u00dfe, seine Form noch seine Masse vorliegen, wird der Anflug an den Kometen recht schwierig sein. Nach Auswahl eines geeigneten Landeplatzes, einen Monat nach Beginn der Kartierung Churyumov-Gerasimenkos in ungef\u00e4hr 3.25 AE Abstand von der Sonne, wird der Orbiter ein 100 kg schweres Landemodul (Philae-Lander) auf der Oberfl\u00e4che absetzen. Wegen der sehr geringen Gravitation muss die Landegeschwindigkeit sehr niedrig sein, kleiner als 1 m\/sec, sonst w\u00fcrde der &#8218;Lander&#8216; vom Kometen abprallen und ins All verschwinden. Gleichzeitig wird die Raumsonde den Kometenkern weiterhin umkreisen und seine Ver\u00e4nderungen \u00fcber mehr als 14 Monate verfolgen. Zu dieser Zeit wird der Einfluss der Sonne begonnen haben, Teile des Kometenkerns zu verdampfen und die Oberfl\u00e4che des Kometen wird ausgasen. Hierbei kann erstmalig beobachtet werden, wie sich ein Komet bei der Ann\u00e4herung, bei seiner geringsten Distanz (Perihelion-Passage) und bei der Entfernung von der Sonne verh\u00e4lt und ver\u00e4ndert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Primary objectives of the Rosetta mission:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Investigation of the origin of the Solar System through the investigation of the composition of a comet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exploration of the interaction between comet material and interstellar material<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global characterization of the comet nucleus (dynamical properties, surface morphology, composition)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical, mineralogical and isotopical composition of the volatile and solid substances of the comet nucleus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Physical properties and correlation between the volatile and solid substances of the comet nucleus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigation of the evolution of the comet activity and the processes in the crust of the nucleus and the inner coma (dust\/gas interaction)<a href=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" title=\"rosetta03\" src=\"https:\/\/fip-koeln.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/rosetta03-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\"><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigation of the general characteristics of the asteroids including the investigation of their dynamical properties, surface morphology and composition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Die &#8218;Orbiter&#8216;-Nutzlast besteht aus zw\u00f6lf Experimenten, deren Aufgabe es ist, den Kometenkern und die ihn umgebende Gas- und Staubwolke zu untersuchen. Die &#8218;Lander&#8216;-Nutzlast bietet dar\u00fcber hinaus die M\u00f6glichkeit, die Kernoberfl\u00e4che und die darunterliegenden Strukturen aus unmittelbarer N\u00e4he zu analysieren. Die obere Tabelle zeigt die Experimente des Rosetta-Orbiters und die untere Tabelle zeigt die Nutzlast des Landers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experiments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Radio Science<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>RSI<\/td><td>Radio Science uses the telecommunication system of the spacecraft, and an ultra stable oscillator (USO) in two frequencies (S band downlink, 2.3 GHz; X band up- and downlink, 8.4 GHz) to investigate the comet nucleus, the coma and the asteroids<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Remote sensing<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>OSIRIS<\/td><td>High resolution camera (250 \u2013 1000 nm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ALICE<\/td><td>UV-spectrometer (0,7 \u2013 205 nm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>VIRTIS<\/td><td>Spectrometer in visible and infrared wavelength regime<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIRO<\/td><td>Microwave spectrometer (1,3 mm and 0,5 mm)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Analysis of the composition<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>ROSINA<\/td><td>Neutral gas and ion mass spectrometer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>COSIMA<\/td><td>Dust mass spectrometer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIDAS<\/td><td>Dust microscope<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Gro\u00dfskalige Struktur des Kometenkerns<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>CONSERT<\/td><td>Kern Tomographie<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Dust-mass distribution and mass flow<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>GIADA<\/td><td>Dust detector<\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Comet plasma environment and interaction with solar winds<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>RPC<\/td><td>Plasma analysis<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rosetta Lander Philae Actual Load<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Rosetta Lander &#8211; Philae<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>APX<\/td><td>\u03b1-particles and X-ray detector<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Probe-<br>drawing<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>COSAC<\/td><td>Gas analysis and elementary, molecular composition, respectively<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODULUS<br>Ptolemy<\/td><td>Gas analysis and isotope composition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c7IVA<br>ROLIS<\/td><td>Rosetta lander cameras<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SESAME<\/td><td>Material analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MUPUS<\/td><td>Material analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ROMAP<\/td><td>Magnetometer and plasma analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSERT<\/td><td>Tomography of the core<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Further information on the<a href=\"http:\/\/rosetta.esa.int\/science-e\/www\/area\/index.cfm?fareaid=13\"> ESA-website<\/a><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rosetta Rosetta ist die erste Mission, deren Ziel es ist, einen Kometen \u00fcber einen l\u00e4ngeren Zeitraum hinweg zu begleiten und zu beobachten.Am 2. M\u00e4rz 2004 startete die ESA-Raumsonde ihre zehnj\u00e4hrige Reise zum Kometen Churyumov-Gerasimenko mit einer Ariane-5 Rakete von Kourou, Franz\u00f6sisch-Guayana. Bis zu ihrer Ankunft im Jahr 2014 wird Rosetta mehrere Vorbeifl\u00fcge an Erde und [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-90","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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